A university experiences recurring Internet connectivity outages. This situation is characterized by which types of attacks?

The situation described relates to recurring Internet connectivity outages, which suggests that the university's network is being overwhelmed with traffic that disrupts normal operations. This characteristic aligns with denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, where an attacker attempts to make a network service unavailable by overwhelming it with excessive requests or malicious traffic. The goal of a DoS attack is to exhaust the resources of the target and prevent legitimate users from accessing services.

In this context, the connection problems experienced by the university could be a result of such an attack, indicating that the traffic is stifling the capacity of the network and leading to disruptions.

The other options do not apply to the situation of ongoing Internet connectivity issues in the same manner as a DoS attack. SSL stripping involves intercepting secure communications which does not contribute to connectivity outages. A memory leak is a software issue that can degrade performance over time but does not typically present as a network outage due to malicious intent. A race condition involves processes competing for resources, often leading to unintended behavior but is not directly related to connectivity outages caused by external attacks.