What biometrics are MOST likely to be used for authentication at country borders without the need for enrollment?

The selection of gait and facial recognition as the most likely biometrics for authentication at country borders without enrollment highlights the strengths of these modalities in real-world applications.

Facial recognition technology can quickly identify individuals based on their unique facial features, and many border control systems are already equipped with cameras capable of capturing and processing facial images in real-time. This technology allows for rapid verification against a database of known individuals without requiring prior enrollment, making it particularly advantageous in high-traffic areas like international borders.

Gait recognition adds another layer of passive identification, analyzing how a person walks. This biometric does not require cooperation from the individual, making it useful for surveillance and automated border control systems. It functions effectively in conjunction with facial recognition to help enhance accuracy and speed in identifying individuals as they move through border checkpoints.

In contrast, other options such as voice, vein, and retina recognition typically require more specialized equipment and may necessitate pre-enrollment to create a template for verification. Voice recognition is often prone to variations due to emotional state or background noise, while vein and retina recognition require close-range and specific conditions for accuracy. Therefore, the combination of gait and facial recognition stands out as practical and implementable for border authentication without the need for enrollment, facilitating smoother and more